 By Staff
February 23rd, 2022
BURLINGTON, ON
From time to time a citizens group is formed that has a significant impact on decisions made at city hall. Plan B is one of those groups – it is small – less than five people; all retired or thought they were.
 Their concerns started to take shape when they became aware of some of the plans that were being bandied about related to the re-development of the Waterfront Hotel site.
 The Plan B people have been at this for a long time – more than five years. They have not always been heard.. The group was solely focused on ensuring that any redevelopment of the Waterfront Hotel :
Enhances the Brant Street gateway to Lake Ontario &
Extends the green/ open space of Spencer Smith Park
They acknowledge & respect the property owner’s right to profit from his investment, and that this will necessitate a “reasonable” amount of massing & building height. What tyey are looking for is a “Win Win Win” for all parties.
Emerging Plan B concept from Planning partnership gets close to what they wouldlike to see; it seeks to balance the Developer’s Current Concept with Plan B’s (the community’s) Concepts. The concept is premised on the following:
Achieves the Urban Design objectives for the Downtown
Achieves a Floor Area Ratio (FAR) that balances the base permissions of 5.0 with the Developer’s Current Concept which represents approx. 7.5 FAR
Buildings are located east of the ‘Thin Red Line’ , representing the view corridor south of Lakeshore Road, proposed by the Downtown Mobility Hub Study.
- A new significant open space defined by the ‘Thin Red Line’ located on the west portion of the property, contiguous with the waterfront park
- Buildings that provide a clear landmark visible from the park, Brant Street, John Street, Lakeshore Road and Lake Ontario
- A potential development yield that is viable and provides some incentive for redevelopment
Note: PLAN B neither supports nor objects to tower height
There are very significant difference between what the existing rules permit and what the developer is asking for.
 The Burlington Urban Design panel, made up of professionals who have no interest in the development put forward a number of recommendation. Few got anything more than the time of day. The Applicant’s Response to Community Input in Plan B’s Opinion
- Silent on/ Ignored most Public input & recommendations
– Waterfront Planning Study re: Key Policy Directives – June 2018
– Burlington Urban Design Advisory Committee – August 2021
– PLAN B – Thin Red Line
- The Application relies heavily on UGC/ MTSA designations downtown to justify intensification
– While the Complete Application was not submitted until December 17th grandfathering by the November 10th ROPA order is assumed
The Plan B people assume that the developer is prepared to let their case be determined by the Ontario Land Tribunal.
 The thin red line phrase came out of a meeting with city planners – The Plan B people took it and ran with it. Citizens’ PLAN B recommends:
- The Applicant’s proposed Official Plan Amendment (OPA) to eliminate the Waterfront Hotel Planning Study as a prerequisite for this application be REJECTED.
The Waterfront Hotel Planning Study will be completed within the statutory time frame of processing this application
The June 2018 Key Policy Directives already reflect key Community Feedback
Collaboration, good faith negotiations needed for a “Win Win Win”
Citizens’ PLAN B also recommends:
The Applicant’s proposed Zoning Bylaw Amendment (ZBA) to fit it’s proposed application should be APPROVED with Modifications.
Key community feedback from the Waterfront Hotel Planning Study, Burlington Urban Design Advisory Committee, PLAN B must be reflected in the application’s modifications
Limit building heights to yield of FAR 6.0:1 (per EPC#3).
A “good faith” compromise between Base Permission of 5.0:1 and Applicant’s aggressive ask of 7.76:1
Plan B thinks this may avert acrimonious & lengthy legal debates before the OLT & an unpredictable outcome for both parties.
The city is seeking response to a survey that closes March 1. Link to that survey is set out below.
Link to the survey is HERE
 By Staff
February 23rd, 2022
BURLINGTON, ON
The Mayor of Milton is not happy.
The Regional government made a decision earlier in the month related to the Preferred Growth Concept that impacts all four municipalities in the Region.
Mayor Krantz wants to be able to expand the urban boundary for Milton and use some farmland to handle the growth that has to take place.
 Citizens told the Regional Council that farm land had to be saved. A majority of Regional Council agreed The 58 people who delegated at the Regional meeting took the position that climate change was far too important and that to have a chance of meeting the reduction in C02 gasses being pumped into the environment farm land had to be saved.
Thus the letter to the Minister;
The Hon. Steve Clark
Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing 777 Bay Street, 17th Floor
Toronto, ON M7A 2J3
RE: Halton Region Official Plan Review
Dear Minister Clark,
As you are aware, Halton Region Council and Councils in municipalities across Ontario are engaged in ongoing discussions to finalize their Official Plans. As you know from your time as Mayor, determining a community’s Official Plan is a very important decision and one that cannot be taken lightly.
 Gord Krantz – longest serving Mayor in the province. I appreciate the opportunity I have had to connect with you, your staff, as well as with
the Hon. Parm Gill, Milton’s Member of Provincial Parliament, regarding this issue over the past few months. We appreciate your ongoing attention and interest.
On behalf of the Town of Milton, I am writing to continue to ensure you are aware of our position with respect to Halton Region’s Official Plan review. As we have previously communicated, it is critical for Milton – and indeed for the financial health of Halton Region – that an Urban Boundary expansion is contemplated. Based on recent discussions at Halton Regional Council, we are concerned the Preferred Growth Concept that will be approved will not allow for the expansion required to strategically and appropriately manage the coming growth.
As per the provincial policy and mandates, Milton is committed to intensification and densification of our existing urban structure. To better serve our citizens and to align with A Place to Grow – The Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe, Milton is building complete communities and A Place of Possibility. We are intensifying, developing, and creating 15-minute walkable, accessible, integrated neighbourhoods with jobs, schools, transportation, community services, parks and recreation facilities and a variety of homes that are easily accessed with multi-modal – walking, cycling, bus and GO Transit rail – connections.
As you know, Halton Region municipalities are maturing at different stages. Milton is at a different stage of development from both Burlington and Oakville. Both of these municipalities were granted urban boundary expansions over a decade ago and as a result, have already developed to their outer edge. Milton is seeking the same opportunity and consideration to grow in the right places, with the right uses. We have a strategic growth plan capable of responding to a variety of residential and employment market demands including and especially transit-oriented development.
Increased population across Halton Region is unavoidable and must be strategically planned. Milton Council continues to demonstrate its commitment to intensify and densify our community and to allocating growth – residential, commercial, mixed-use and industrial to ensure the development of complete communities. For Milton, an urban boundary expansion will ensure the ability to strategically manage anticipated growth pressures and the proper use and allocation of land from now until 2051, while continuing to protect the over 71 per cent of Milton’s community that consists of the Greenbelt, Natural Heritage Systems and farmland.
We continue to communicate to our Halton Region Council colleagues that we are concerned that establishing a hard, urban boundary will create a number of unnecessary and avoidable risks to Milton and to Halton Region including:
• Removal of Milton’s ability to direct growth to the appropriate location, for example, designating industrial/warehousing and logistics abutting the 400 series highways
• Incompatibility within employment lands
• By 2031, stalled assessment growth creating fiscal instability for Halton Region and Milton
• Increased pressure on the residential tax base resulting in increases to property taxes
• Disruption to Milton’s ability to create compatible, complementary and complete communities
• Elimination of Milton’s ability to create desirable mixed-use, complete communities with local amenities
• Increased risk of actual urban sprawl
 Four decades as a politician – Gord Krantz is still at it. On February 16, 2022, Halton Region Council will discuss a Notice of Motion (NOM) which contemplates no urban boundary expansion until 2041. Should that NOM be approved, this will mean that Milton will experience a 10 year gap in our available employment lands as our current supply will be at capacity by 2031. Further, it will mean disruption to the appropriate balance between residential intensification and new greenfield development to 2051.
Milton’s members of Halton Regional Council and I will continue to work with our colleagues to find an amenable solution. However, in advance of Halton Region Council’s decision regarding the Preferred Growth Concept, I felt it critically important that Milton’s position be clearly communicated to and understood by you.
Thank you in advance for your time and consideration of Milton’s position. If you or your staff have any questions or require additional information, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Sincerely,
Mayor Gordon Krantz Town of Milton
The decision made at the Region will go to the public again, sometime in April as a Statutory meeting.
The province requires a commitment from the Region as to what it is doing to comply with the need to grow requirement the province has put in place.
 By Staff
February 23rd, 2022
BURLINGTON, ON
The Halton Black History Awareness Society (HBHAS) is a passionate group of multi-culturals, dedicated towards implementing cultural education into the public and institutional mindset towards appreciating the values of inclusivity, equality, and self development while depleting bullying, prejudice and inequality on any and all levels.
We are a “community” globally focused on mitigating negative relations towards all marginalized communities and individuals.
Our mission is learning, uncovering and promoting Canadian Black History towards a progressive inclusive future through annual events including the Halton Freedom Celebration: Jazz & Blues Festival, the Emancipation Art Exhibition, a HBHAS Gospel presentation, and HBHAS Presents – speaking engagements to the public, elementary, secondary, university & college students; businesses; youth mentoring; community groups; and, historical, genealogical and heritage organizations.”At this moment, we all face a choice. We can choose to press forward with a better model of cooperation and integration, or we can retreat in a world sharply divided and ultimately in conflict.” – President Obama, United Nations General Assembly Conference.
“Halton is the fastest growing visible minority region in Canada growing 78% within a five year span with Milton growing 176% in visible minority growth within the same time frame.” – Canada Census 2016.
“Burlington is the first city in the world to acclaim August as Emancipation Month” – 2018 Halton Freedom Celebration Festival – Dwight Lee III
“The Emancipation process started in the Burlington/Branford/Hamilton area, where two parliamentarians seeing a Joseph Brant slave screaming at her bounty hunter abductor, due to the Fugitive Slave Act in the U.S., took this incident back to Parliament initiating the Lieutenant Governor in legislating the 1793 Act against Slavery which abolished new slaves being brought into what is now Canada.; This promoted the, August 1st, 1834 British Abolition against slavery in most of the Commonwealth.”
 By Pepper Parr
February 23rd, 2022
BURLINGTON, ON
A Statutory Meeting is required under the Planning Act to allow the public to learn what a development application is about.
During these meetings the city planning department sets out what the application is asking for and what the current Official Plan and Zoning bylaw permits.
Wednesday evening the city presented the following two slides;
 The difference between what is permitted under the current in-force Official Plan and what the developer wants is astounding.
Recommendation:
Direct staff to continue to process the submitted applications for Official Plan and Zoning By-law Amendments for 2020 Lakeshore Road, including evaluating and incorporating any/all comments received by Committee and the public at the Statutory Public Meeting, as well as the comments received through the ongoing
technical review of this application by agency partners and internal departments.
Plan B, a small citizen group gave an excellent delegation that highlighted just how much the developer is asking and how little they are prepared to give.
The application makes mention of narrowing Lakeshore Road.
They realize that they have to provide some parkland – and have suggested cash in lieu of land would be satisfactory.
This is a complex story, not all that easy to follow yet critical in terms of what the downtown core of the city will look like and what in the way of impact it will have on Spencer Smith Park.
What was disappointing was just how little members of Council had to say when there was an opportunity for them to make comments. Mayor Meed Ward spoke as did ward 2 Councillor Lisa Kearns and Councillor Nisan. The others appeared to be mute.
More to come on this one.
 By Pepper Parr
February 22, 2022
BURLINGTON, ON
The event is set up as a Statutory Public Meeting taking place during a Standing Committee this evening, Tuesday at 6:30 pm
Log into the city calendar and work your way to the Committee meetings part and select the 22nd.
That will get you into the meeting where you can watch and take part.
The Statutory Review is required by the Planning Act. The review is about an Applications to amend the Official Plan and Zoning By-law owned by Burlington 2020 Lakeshore Inc. Addresses: 2020 Lakeshore Road
There are two process taking place within the same basic time frame.
 Many wonder what the one process means to the other.
Applications were submitted by owner and deemed Complete on December 2021
The site is : 0.76 hectares; Frontage on Lakeshore Rd: 114 m, Frontage on Elizabeth St: 50 m
Proposed Mixed-Use Development is as follows:
- Residential: 557 apartments
- Hotel: 122 suites
- Retail/commercial: 4,445 m2
- Office: 4,348 m2
- Two tall buildings: 35 & 30 storeys with 5-storey podiums
- 598 parking spaces
- Proposed Floor Area Ratio: 76:1
What it works out to is set out below.
 This is what the owners of the Waterfront Hotel want to do with their space. It is your city and your park. Is this the best the city can get? What will the site look like from different streets that leads to Lakeshore road ?
The question the Gazette is asking is set out in the graphic below..
Take part in the Statutory meeting this evening and if you don’t like what you see stand up on your hind legs and bark. Do the same thing if you like what you see. It is your city – it is your park.
By Staff
February 22, 2022
BURLINGTON, ON
Be advised – there will be a provincial election on June 2, 2022
The Ontario government is making life more affordable and convenient for nearly eight million vehicle owners by eliminating licence plate renewal fees and the requirement to have a licence plate sticker for passenger vehicles, light-duty trucks, motorcycles and mopeds, effective March 13, 2022.
“As the cost of living continues to go up, our government is cutting costs for families to make life more affordable,” said Premier Doug Ford. “Eliminating the fee to renew your licence plate and refunding the cost of doing so for the past two years is a concrete way we can put and keep more money in the pockets of hard-working Ontarians.”
 The government is introducing red tape legislation later today that would enable the province to refund eligible individual owners of vehicles for any licence plate renewal fees paid since March 2020. Upon passage, vehicle owners will receive a cheque in the mail starting at the end of March and throughout the month of April.
“Our government is taking strong action at a time when the cost of living and doing business in Ontario is skyrocketing,” said Caroline Mulroney, Minister of Transportation. “For many families, driving is an absolute necessity. Eliminating licence plate renewal fees and stickers is part of our government’s commitment to support drivers as we continue to build Ontario’s transportation network, including by building the Bradford Bypass and Highway 413.”
To receive a refund cheque, vehicle owners who have moved recently will need to confirm that their address information on their vehicle permit or driver’s licence is up-to-date at Ontario.ca/AddressChange by March 7, 2022, and pay any outstanding fees, fines or tolls. For more information and/or assistance with changing an address, vehicles owners can call ServiceOntario’s dedicated line at 1-888-333-0049.
“Our government is putting money directly back into the pockets of Ontario families and workers to help make life more affordable,” said Ross Romano, Minister of Government and Consumer Services. “Eliminating these fees and stickers is just one of the ways we are reducing the burden on Ontarians and making it easier, quicker, and simpler for Ontarians to access critical government services.”
Under the proposal, renewal fees will also be eliminated for passenger, light duty commercial vehicles, motorcycles and mopeds that are owned by a company or business. However, no refunds will be given for the period of March 2020 to March 2022.
“Small businesses play a vital role in fostering Ontario’s economic growth,” said Nina Tangri, Associate Minister of Small Business and Red Tape Reduction. “Starting next month, eliminating renewal fees for vehicles owned by a company or business is just one of the many ways we are supporting small businesses across the province so they can continue to thrive and contribute to their communities.”
Vehicle owners will still be required to renew their licence plate every one or two years at no cost to confirm their automobile insurance is valid and pay any outstanding Highway 407 tolls and other municipal fines. The government is working with partners to develop a new, more user-friendly process that will continue to validate automobile insurance requirements, support law enforcement efforts and collect municipal fines and unpaid Highway 407 tolls.
The Ontario government is also investing in Automated Licence Plate Recognition (ALPR) technology as part of its commitment to provide police with the tools they need to do their jobs, improve public safety and strengthen roadside law enforcement efforts across the province. An ALPR system can read thousands of licence plates per minute allowing officers to process more information on licence plates. It also has the capability of capturing vehicles of interest such as amber alerts, drivers with a suspended licence, and stolen vehicles.
Renewal fees and requirements for licence plate stickers for heavy commercial vehicles and snowmobiles remain unchanged.
Quick Facts
• Eliminating renewal fees will save vehicle owners $120 a year in southern Ontario and $60 a year in Northern Ontario for passenger and light commercial vehicles.
• Vehicle owners should update their address before March 7, 2022 in order to receive a refund for fees previously paid by the end of April 2022.
• Physical licence plate stickers have been eliminated in other jurisdictions in Canada including Quebec, Saskatchewan, Northwest Territories, Manitoba and Alberta.
• Driver’s must continue to renew their driver’s licence every five years online or at a ServiceOntario centre and pay a $90 fee.
• ALPR is tested technology already being used by a number of Ontario police services.
The Gazette wishes to point out that a provincial election is scheduled to take place in June.
 By Staff
February 22, 2022
BURLINGTON, ON
Appointments to the following committees, were announced by Council on the 15th; took a week to get the list from the Communications department.
 The Waterfront Access and Protection Advisory Committee which was sunset by the city made some very useful contributions to the way the waterfront issues were managed. Burlington Seniors’ Advisory Committee
Burlington Inclusivity Advisory Committee
Burlington Sustainable Development Advisory Committee
Burlington Accessibility Advisory Committee
Committee of Adjustment
Approve the following appointments to the Burlington Seniors’ Advisory Committee for a term to expire on December 31, 2022:
Bob Chepyha
Kerry McGregor
Peter Buckley
Margaret Doma
Sara Elkabany
Ron Minaker
Deepak Sharma
Approve the following appointments to the Burlington Inclusivity Advisory Committee for a term to expire on December 31, 2022:
Ashley Wall
Rajan Chopra
Rajan Sharma
Approve the following appointments to the Burlington Sustainable Development Committee for a term to expire on December 31, 2022:
Dave Bourns
Dave Rokosh
Sarah Merriam
Approve the following appointments to the Burlington Accessibility Advisory Committee for a term to expire on December 31, 2022:
Ken Harris
Don Prescott
Patricia Debly
Doug Benton
Cindy Bond
 Committee of Adjustment, the only committee that pays its members has made some pivotal decisions on small property adjustments and approving requests for changes to a zoning. Approve the following appointments to the Burlington Committee of Adjustment for a term to expire on December 31, 2022:
Robert Martin
Filippo Capuano (Alternate)
Hany Aly (Alternate)
The disappointing part of this announcement is that the appointments are just for the balance of this year; all end on December 31st, 2022.
There are a lot of new faces, which is good, new blood is vital. However, experience counts for a lot. It will be hard for these committees to make useful decisions.
The Gazette would like to hear what others have to say.
 By Pepper Parr
February 21st, 2022
BURLINGTON, ON
Marty Staz is just one of those people I have always liked.
I thought he was the better candidate in ward 1 during the last municipal election but with 10 candidates in the race it was more of a crap shoot than the selection of a candidate.
 Marty Staz – figuring it out. I recall watching Marty at one of the city events where there were large posters with graphics related to low rise, medium rise and high rise guidelines. Marty, spent some time looking at the posters then got into a conversation with the planning staff member on hand to answer questions.
Marty has spent a good part of his working life in the real estate business – he sells it and brings a specific skill set to the work.
The Gazette gets dozens of Facebook message – there isn’t always enough time to spend on them – often they are a self promotion picture, occasionally they are quite funny. I have a couple of favourite people I make a point of clicking on.
Marty send one along earlier today.
Marty didn’t write the piece – but he knew the kind of message that would resonate on Family Day in Ontario.
Right on my friend, was my immediate response.
Related news story:
Staz on fixing a housing problem
 By Pepper Parr
February 21st, 2022
BURLINGTON, ON
The McKenna announcement that she would run for the Region of Halton Chair, was, we were pretty sure, to be followed by an announcement from Anne Marsden that she too would have her hat in the ring.
 Anne Marsden during the 2014 municipal election campaign. In the past Marsden has pulled in a very respect- able percentage of the vote.
She surprised us with the following:
“Could not think of a better candidate for Halton Regional Chair than the Hon. Jane McKenna. She is very well informed on the Region issues that have been left to fester and become gangrenous under Carr’s blatant lack of leadership:
Official scam in terms of the claim that Burlington has a Region approved new Official Plan.
Halton’s diabolical infectious disease record that includes:
no accountability for the Halton MOH who failed to report death from West Nile Virus to Region,
no accountability for 91+ deaths and dozens of very sick people related to 10 month delay in tackling unreported C.Diff outbreak beginning weekend of April 8, 2006 at Joseph Brant, and
2018 Halton Region Councillor silence on encephalitis disease higher than Ont average
Halton taxpayers money used to build barriers rather than remove them as the law requires.
Halton police services lack of accountability in terms of vulnerable, elder and child abuse investigations.
Discriminatory practices in terms of the Halton Council delegation process that leaves vulnerable residents without a voice in Halton decision making.
Now all we need is for the appropriate Ministers to utilize the information put in their hands either directly or through Jane and set the ball rolling for her to clean up as she did after a Liberal candidate (sorry her name escapes us) -( it was Eleanor McMahon) – interrupted the fine job she was doing as MPP beginning in 2014.
By Staff
February 21st, 2022
BURLINGTON, ON
The province cut the public some slack in opening up things in the hospitality sector – they certainly needed a boost.
Burlington sent out an update on changes taking place at the recreational facilities as well as vaccination updates
 Capacity at gymnasiums that are used by community groups has been increased. Recreation facility capacity limits will be increased for rental, program and activity spaces, while ensuring requirements for physical distancing are maintained. Existing program providers and facility renters have been notified directly.
Drop-in recreation programs will increase capacity. Participants are still encouraged to register in advance. For schedule and online registration visit burlington.ca/dropinandplay. For information on how to register or to setup an account, visit burlington.ca/registration
Registered winter courses already in progress may open additional spots if possible, pending staffing, regulations, specific ratios, and maintaining physical distancing for example. Check liveandplay.burlington.ca for new spots.
Spectator seating areas remain at 50 per cent capacity, and change rooms and dressing room capacities remain limited. Occupancy levels are posted.
Proof of Vaccination and Screening
Proof of vaccination with an enhanced vaccine certificate with QR code is currently required for entry into City recreational facilities.
Masking and physical distancing is still required.
Those entering recreation facilities will be required to acknowledge posted screening questions at the point of entry. Pre-screening in advance of arrival is no longer required.
 Chris Glenn, Director of Recreation, Community and Culture Chris Glenn, Director of Recreation, Community and Culture continues to emphasize that the “Health of participants and staff will always be a top priority. We’re looking forward to safely and carefully welcoming more people back into our facilities and programs. Increasing program capacities takes time so please be patient as we work through these changes.”
 By Jack Adams
February 23rd, 2022
BURLINGTON, ON
As Canada’s most populated province, it is no surprise that Ontario is one of the most popular sporting areas in country. With a whole host of athletes and sports team spread across leagues in Canada and the United States, there has been some huge events in the state in recent years, with local fans enjoying the successes of their teams also. In 2019, millions of fans flooded downtown Toronto following the Toronto Raptors first ever NBA Finals triumph. Two years prior, MLS side Toronto FC beat the Seattle Sounders 2-0 in the MLS Cup final at BMO Field.
With such a rich sporting history, we can only expect more to be made in 2022. Let’s take a look at some of the best sports events yet to come in the state.
 You will never leave a hockey game thrilled – the speed, the talent and the sheer hustle of the game. Ottawa Senators vs Toronto Maple Leafs – Apr 16 2022
One of the NHL’s biggest rivalries, The Battle of Toronto is not to be missed. Dating back since before the founding of the league, the Maple Leafs, as the Toronto Arenas, and the original Senators were two of the founding teams of the NHL. It was not until the 90s however that games between the modern Senators and the Leafs played each other in the league, when the conferences and divisions were re-aligned, and Toronto was moved into the Eastern Conference’s Northeast Division. The Leafs have frequently got the better of the Senators when it has mattered in recent years, with Toronto winning all 4 series when they met in the playoffs in the early 2000s. It appears the Senators may struggle this season too, with betting odds having them at 500/1 to win the Stanley Cup.
 We call it soccer in Canada – Canadian teams are getting better and better. Is a World Cup in store – not soon but eventually. Toronto FC vs Montreal Impact – Sept 5 2022
From one rivalry into another, the ‘Canadian Classique’ also known as the 401 Derby and the Two Solitudes Derby, is Canadian soccer’s fiercest rivalry. Battled between two of Canada’s three premier MLS teams, the rivalry between both sets of supporters is intense, creating an incredible atmosphere at games. This year’s MLS fixture at the BMO Stadium will be a rematch of last season’s Canadian Championship, in which Montreal came out the victors securing their spot in the CONCACAF Champions League. However, Toronto have regularly had Montreal’s number, with a 26-16-10 record in all competitions. The fallout from last year’s Canadian Championship final is sure to spill over into this game so make sure not to miss it!
Toronto Raptors vs Philadelphia 76ers – Apr 7 2022
The Raptors have had a relatively average season so far but are still on course to make it to the play-in tournament in their quest to make it 3 playoff appearances in 4 seasons. The 76ers are also hopeful of reaching their 5th appearance in as many seasons. As well as being important to both team’s journey to the playoffs, this game will also be a rematch of the 2019 Conference semi-finals in which the Raptors came out on top before heading to the finals and winning the big one. Although they may not be playing as well as previous seasons, the Raptors still hold on to their talisman Giannis Antetokounmpo. The ‘Greek Freak’ is worth the entry fee alone and with both teams relatively close together in the Eastern Conference standings, this is sure to be a crunch game for the pair.
 Rivals for decades – located at either end of the QEW – they will always turn out a great performance. Hamilton came close to taking the Grey Cup – very close, Hamilton Tiger-Cats vs Toronto Argonauts – Aug 13 2022
Make no mistake about it— physical proximity in Ontario does not equal sporting warmth. The bitter feud between these two Ontario teams is one of the best in the Canadian Football League and provides an incredible sporting display for fans. The Argonauts have been extremely successful in terms of Grey Cups with 18 to the Tiger-Cats 8. However, the pair’s Labour Day matchups have been most frequently won by the latter, who have recorded 36 wins to 13. The Toronto—Hamilton Classic is one of the components of the Harold Ballard Trophy, an award given to the winner of the season series between the Tiger-Cats and Argonauts. The trophy is named after Harold Ballard, who owned the Tiger-Cats for much of the 1980s.
 World famous Harlem Globe Trotters – more entertainment than sport – and a delight to watch. Harlem Globetrotters – March 8 2022
Ending on an entertaining note, the World-Famous Harlem Globetrotters are bringing their newly reimagined Spread Game tour to Ontario this year. Described as a display of ‘Ankle-breaking moves, jaw-dropping swag, and rim-rattling dunks’ the Globetrotters are an American exhibition basketball team who combine incredible feats of athleticism with comedy and theatre. They have been committed to spreading joy and a beautiful message of social justice for nearly 100 years as they have entertained millions all around the globe. They will come to the Budweiser Gardens in London, with tickets as low as $28.75.
 By Pepper Parr
February 21st, 2022
BURLINGTON, ON
Family Day! Great Winter weather – an opportunity to celebrate what we have going for us.
 Still on his feet at this point. We can let the pandemic protocol slide a little; everyone should be outside for as much of the day as possible.
There are all kinds of places for the kids to slide down the slopes in the ravines.
 It was a penny higher at the pumps as I drove into the office. Do however prepare for a bit of a jolt when you see the gas prices: $1.57 – don’t think the rebate they give us covers the higher prices.
 By Jonas Johansson
February 21st, 2022
BURLINGTON, ON
What are the top online trends in Canada this year? The internet has come a long way since its beginning and shows no signs of slowing down. Here you can read about some of the top online trends in Canada for 2022. Have you been drawn to any of them?
 Gambling is supposed to be fun. Enjoy it. 1. Gaming, casino, and betting
Gaming and gambling are hobbies that are still going strong in Canada. It involves all kinds of games, from casino and betting to classic PC games and console gaming. Online reviews by both experts and players on different levels make it easy to find good options, such as red casino 32.
Players today want the very best experience, and the gaming companies have to compete in order to attract players. A clear trend in 2022 is that mobile gaming is on the rise, with 24/7 access to apps on the go. Playing games and gambling on our smartphones have become a normal part of the digitalized world that we now live in.
2. Investing in stocks and cryptocurrency
Trading and investing are part of another trend that isn’t going away any time soon. In fact, the hobby is only getting more popular. People are investing in stocks, forex, CFDs and cryptocurrency because of the potential for high returns. Social media, online forums and news sites play their part in spreading the word. There are even specific accounts to follow on social media that share their journey on the stock market, possibly inspiring more people to try it out.
Some people are drawn to the excitement of high-risk trading, for example day traders that are buying and selling crypto and other assets actively as the market fluctuates. Others invest for long-term profit, preferring a lower risk level.
 Shopping online has now taken over from the bricks and mortar locations 3. Shopping
Whether you want to order clothes, groceries, or technology, you can be sure of finding it on the internet. Online shopping is the preferred way of buying new items for an increasing number of people in Canada. Many people agree that it’s convenient, especially since you can compare products on different websites and won’t need to travel anywhere. Also, with online banking, it’s quick and simple to check how much money there is left on the account.
In-store shopping is still popular, but online shopping has been growing rapidly in recent years. It’s predicted that the trend will continue throughout 2022 and beyond. The trend also involves ordering takeaway online through different delivery services. Staying at home has never been easier!
4. Watching TV shows and movies on streaming services
Gone are the days of checking the TV schedule in order to not miss your favorite show or movie. Nowadays, most of us tune in to one of the many available streaming services in Canada in order to watch something entertaining after work or on a lazy morning. The choice is huge and keeps growing, with new services and content being added all the time. Of course, live sports are also a popular choice included in streaming.
 It’s never quite this easy – but millions have met and married with a relationship that started online 5. Getting personal on social media platforms
Social media has revolutionized the way we live our lives and how we take part in other people’s lives. Sharing our lifestyle with others and connecting with people all over the world is now more common than not. The trend on social media has in some areas changed from perfectionism to brutal reality – today, an increasing number of users want to see the real deal. This could be seen as a response to the perfect lives that are often portrayed on social media.
Do any of these trends appeal to you or are there other online trends that interest you more? We’re yet to find out what new trends will emerge in the near future!
 By Mildred Austria
February 21st, 2022
BURLINGTON, ON
When it comes to casino games, it’s crucial to maintain a healthy balance, ensuring that you never get too carried away when playing. While casino games can be a lot of fun — and more accessible than ever thanks to online casino gaming — it also opens up the potential to fall into a downward spiral.
 It’s supposed to be fun – if it isn’t fun – find something different to do. Let it be known that casino games at its core are meant to be enjoyed in moderation. Many people like to throw terms around such as gambling addiction when talking about casinos, but it doesn’t mean everyone falls victim. In fact, you can maintain a perfectly healthy balance while still enjoying your favorite casino games. All you have to do is keep a few tips in mind so you can make the most out of your opportunities.
 Slot machine revenue subsidizes race track operations. 1. Understanding slot machines
Perhaps one of the most crucial aspects of casino gaming involves slot machines, as it’s one of the most popular games — while also being entirely luck-based. It’s not something you can win out with skill, which means you have to be careful when going for slot machines.
One of the best ways to maintain a balance is to set a quota for slots. You can limit yourself to a certain number of tries, ensuring that you don’t get too carried away. There are also plenty of slot simulators out there that can show you just how likely you are to lose (or win) on any given day. It’s all about trying your luck, and the crucial bit is not to push your luck too hard.
2. Want to win? Focus on a game
The thing about casino games is many of them are based on your skill and ability to read the table. Slots are the only ones that rely entirely on luck, which means it’s up to you to make the difference when trying other games. If you want to boost your chances, it’s better to focus on a single game to help increase your odds of winning. Learning the ins and outs of a game will help you learn about how to win, especially when watching the experts play. You can look into fantastic jackpot games at CasinoDays, giving you every opportunity to learn your favorite casino game.
 Is this a hand to fold on? 3. Understanding when to fold
Last but certainly not least, there’ll come a time when you’ll have to cut your losses and try again another day. The slots can teach you all about not pushing your luck, but the same thing applies to most other casino games. Even if you happen to be on a winning streak, it’s better to stop while you’re still on top. It can be tempting to go for even bigger winnings (and it’s not an impossibility), but you’re very likely to go home with nothing if you do. Learn when to fold, and you’ll have won half the battle.
Maintaining a healthy balance when playing casino games is all about maintaining discipline. There’s no need to listen to anyone warning you about the dangers of gambling if you know how to discipline yourself.
 By Pepper Parr
February 19th, 2022
BURLINGTON, ON
Wow!
This is breaking news.
Late yesterday Jane McKenna made the following announcement:
 Jane McKenna the day she won her first election. “Today I am announcing that I have informed Premier @fordnation that I will not be seeking re-election in June.
I will continue to get things done for the people of #BurlON and #Halton by running for Regional Chair of Halton in the upcoming municipal election.
By Pepper Parr
February 18th, 2022
BURLINGTON, ON
It is the development that will change for decades what the core of downtown Burlington is going to look like.
And while 110 people took part in a virtual presentation on what the issues are – there didn’t seem to be all that much in the way passionate interest.
There were more questions about parking during the virtual meeting than there were about what the impact would be of two 35 storey plus towers sitting on a five storey podium perched at the edge of Lakeshore Road and Brant Street at what the developer called Ground Zero for the city.
The city now wants feed back from the public. A recording of the February 15th meeting can be reached HERE
The survey can be found HERE
Closing date for public feedback is March 1st – not a lot of time. Get your views in now – they matter.
The Waterfront Study Plan people and the developer are far apart. The Study group is suggesting two 15 – 17 storey buildings and taking a 20 metre strip on the west side as park land along with another small patch on land on the east side at the southern end (lake side) of the site.
The developer has proposed two towers – one 30 storeys high and the other 35 storeys high – both sitting on a five story podium.
Parking for both would be underground exiting and entering off Elizabeth Street to the east.
While the study is for the area shown below – all the attention up to this point has been on the Waterfront Hotel site.
Spencer Smith Park defines Burlington. Few cities in Canada sit on the edge of the largest body of water in the country. It is host to some of the biggest public festivals in the province.
Will 40 storey structures take away from what the park offers the citizens of Burlington; will they diminish what is left of the small ton feel of Brant Street?
Do you think the big flashy buildings are what the city needs. A decision is going to be made – get your two cents in now when it matters.
 Children playing innocently – a man having snooze under a tree – the Spencer Smith Park we have today – will that change if there are 40 storey towers looming over everything?
By Staff
February 18th, 2022
BURLINGTON, ON
Burlington continues to see historically low inventory and record high pricing.
The average sale price was $1,662,096. During the month of January properties sold for an incredible 120% of the listed price. Properties sold in an average of 7 days compared to 10 days the month prior.
The lack of supply and strong demand has continued to drive prices, however we are starting to see inventory grow, it just doesn’t stay on long enough to tip the scale in any way, it lists and sells before any sort of momentum is made.
 By Paul Sharman
February 17th, 2022
BURLINGTON, ON
Meanwhile, the plan requires that 80% of all new development, to accommodate the 450,000 new residents, will be densified. The difference between urban expansion scenario and under NUBE will mean that newcomers who would otherwise like to live in Halton will be forced to move to other regions of southern Ontario. This makes it unlikely that the Region will achieve its population growth targets, which is unacceptable to the province.”
I am entirely respectful and sensitive to the many comments I have received from “Stop Sprawl Halton” and today’s delegations. Without any doubt they are passionate, highly alert, and with varying levels of being informed on the matters about which they spoke. They are also correct on many of their points. I wish to thank them for taking the time to speak to Council.
Recently I responded to an email from one of the leaders of the movement, one who might have delegated.
You may know already but allow me to tell you a little about myself. I am the Burlington Councillor who strenuously and successfully argued that climate change mitigation should be added to the City of Burlington’s 2015, 25-year, strategic plan.
 Sharman – an avid cyclist. This was 4 years before anyone declared a climate change emergency. That plan continues to act as a guiding vision for the community. I drive an electric vehicle that was used when I purchased it and I ride a pedal bicycle many km’s every week when the weather warms up. I installed a tankless water heater and a heat pump in my house along with new windows, doors, and insulation. I do not eat red meat, preferring vegetables. Between us, my partner and I have 4 children and 7 grandchildren about whose future we care passionately. Finally, I have served 11 years on the Burlington Sustainable Development Committee. All the matters that concern you with respect to sustainability also concern me.
In summary, I am highly informed and care deeply about the future of our community. My purpose is to make a contribution to the best of my ability.
Burlington’s agricultural and heritage land is dominated by Niagara Escarpment and other heritage attributes, which have been protected by the Region and Burlington Councils from development for decades. In the past the land that we live on was converted from what was previously, largely, farmland. Burlington has now essentially depleted its developable green field land.
That said, employment land is being converted to accommodate growth. Indeed, in the current IGMS plan Burlington is required to undertake massive population growth and densification as will the rest of Halton.
 Sharman: He can be impatient at times but more often that note he has figured out what the issue is and presses the point. My representation of the citizens of Burlington includes acknowledgement of their opposition to “over intensification”, which I agree has had a heavy orientation to downtown. That was the concern of 46% voters in the 2018 election. That said, most of those people do not live downtown and are generally concerned about what they consider to be excessive population growth, road congestion and not wanting to live in a highly densified community.
Any of concepts of the Region’s IGMS allocation leaves Burlington the recipient of residual population that is not allocated/accepted by other Halton lower tier municipalities. I appreciate that City staff have indicated Burlington can accommodate larger numbers of residents, but Council has not been provided any detailed analysis of location or building types required to accommodate such growth. According to a rough estimate by Mr. Benson, Halton Director of Planning, 15,500 new residents will require forty five 30 storey buildings. Because Burlington is already built out, the Hemson Consulting report of early 2021 estimated that 90% of the increase in Burlington’s population growth will have to be housed in mid to high rise buildings. 70,200 new residents allocated to Burlington under the preferred growth concept equates to 63,180 new apartment residents in 183 x 30 story buildings using Mr. Benson’s math.
If the preferred growth concept is not approved, Burlington’s allocation may increase to 85,700, of which 90% or 77,130 would likely have to live in apartments. That means Burlington will need to accommodate, perhaps 228 x 30 story towers. That is a rather daunting vision, equating to, perhaps, 5 times + the equivalent of Mississauga’s Square One neighbour hood, but in smaller spaces.
All of that said, my over-arching concern is whether there is a high probability that
a) 450,000 more people will become residents of Halton in the next 30 years
b) what the probability is that in the following 50 years another 750,000 will arrive at the same rate.
 Sharman: “… all plans, by definition, are wrong and therefore it is tough to reach finite conclusions.” In truth, I believe that all plans, by definition, are wrong and therefore it is tough to reach finite conclusions. Therefore, we have to make broad assumptions on probabilities. My sense is that Halton will, receive more than the province’s “minimum” required 450,000 new residents between now and 2051 and it will not end there because increased immigration levels and other global motivators that cause people to leave their home countries.
That leads to the question that weighs heavily on my mind: on balance between all the hard choices to be made, if municipalities fail to make the decisions that represent the best long-term outcomes for the future, then the probability of bad outcomes escalates.
 Any hope to ever own their own home locally because of incredible price increases and lack of supply is in doubt.. An example of a bad outcome is reflected in conversations I had recently with two young Burlington university graduates who both live in their parent’s homes. Neither sees any hope for them to ever own their own home locally because of incredible price increases and lack of supply. Perhaps, as many as 100,000 of Halton’s current young residents are in the same boat with them. Housing is critical to everyone. Without sufficient housing, countries get massive inequality, social injustice, and social unrest. Canada is already getting there.
While I do not want to see expansion of urban boundaries, I do want a balanced and fully informed set of decisions to be made by Council. Decisions of the past allowed 80% of current Halton residents who are older than, about, 35 to have had a chance to achieve high quality housing. Those of us who are in the much older age group of Halton homeowners live in relative luxury by the standards of many people in Canada and around the world.
Is it reasonable to suggest that the tenets of our great Canadian democracy including free speech, freedom of choice, free markets etc. will not be available, at least to some degree, to our children and grandchildren? Is it possible for Canada to decline immigrant’s entry when our economy badly needs them to overcome the effects of people living 30 years longer than when Medicare was introduced in the 1950’s. What comes next if we don’t consider all the factors.
The decisions we make today will affect the quality of life of hundreds of thousands of future Halton residents. Many will not have it as good as we have. Councils in Halton Hills and Milton are in the best position to assess all the questions raised by delegates today, to make their own informed highly informed complex decisions about how their communities should develop in future and I fully respect their insight, the professionalism of their staff and their sincerity.
There has been a lot of discussion about fighting climate change by not permitting urban expansion. Irrespective of where new population and jobs end up there will be GHG emissions, but they will be a bit less in the no urban boundary expansion (NUBE) scenario. I quote the Region’s FAQ:
 Sharman: Have your data in front of you and be prepared to be challenged. “While Concept 3A/3B was evaluated as the concept that generates the least amount of community GHG emissions, as part of its evaluation it did not score well in addressing many other important community planning and housing objectives, some of which are identified in the response in Question 1 of these FAQ’s”
It is not clear what the impact of the preferred concept will be on food security. Delegations have spent a lot of time talking about saving farmland. According to the farmers of these properties, these lands have been designated as “White Belt” or land to be developed, eventually, for decades. These farms mostly grow grain, beans and seed that is shipped to other markets elsewhere in Canada and the world. They also noted that these farms are increasingly surrounded by, and production inhibited by, the urban development encroaching around them.
Nobody talked about the total 160 million acres of farming in Canada of which .003% this change represents. Not to suggest that the 5000 acres is irrelevant, indeed the recommendation to convert the land has been the subject of a couple of years of study senior professional staff and consultants costing $100,000’s.
 Intense to the point of making delegations uncomfortable ward 5 Councillor Paul Sharman does know how to drill down into the data and look for results. Meanwhile, the plan requires that 80% of all new development, to accommodate the 450,000 new residents, will be densified. The difference between urban expansion scenario and under NUBE will mean that newcomers who would otherwise like to live in Halton will be forced to move to other regions of southern Ontario. This makes it unlikely that the Region will achieve its population growth targets, which is unacceptable to the province.”
It also represents passing the buck to other Regions whose farmland will likely still be built on.
Finally, it is not clear how the province will respond to a significant variance from the directions given for preparation of the new official plan. This a tough situation for elected official to be placed in. We all want everything to be done right and in the right way. But, throughout my career I have always found that in the absence or avoidance of fact the person with the loudest mouth wins.
Paul Sharman is the ward 5 Councillor in Burlington and a Regional Councillor as well. He is serving his third term in public office. He is a huge believer in basing decisions on data and is seldom shy about making his views known
Related news story:
Two mayors flip a Regional recommendation.
By Pepper Parr
February 17th, 2022
BURLINGTON, ON
Will the decision by Halton Regional Council yesterday to not convert farmland to commercial or residential use be seen as historic?
In a very short period of time – less than 15 days, a Preferred Growth Concept prepared by Regional planning staff, and the subject of two lengthy workshops, was flipped into a modified growth plan that would not change any of the urban boundaries and not convert farmland into housing or commercial uses.
 Some of the best farm land in the province is in the Halton Region Regional Councillors from Milton and Halton Hills were not happy – they felt they were given the short end of the stick.
The Preferred Growth Concept included:
implementing a compact and transit-supportive Regional Urban Structure by directing significant population and employment growth to strategic growth areas,
 Milton claims that it is doing the required intensification and will need farm land to meet the growth targets. including around GO Stations and planned higher order transit corridors;
accommodating more than 80 per cent of population growth (contained in more than 85 per cent of new housing units) and almost 80 per cent of employment growth between 2031 and 2051, within the Region’s existing urban areas;
a significant shift in the future housing mix of the Region towards apartments, from approximately 25 per cent to more than 50 per cent of total housing units, directed to strategic growth areas, between 2031 and 2051;
The farmers had the climate change people behind them. a measured urban boundary expansion of 1,120 hectares of new community land in the south and east of Milton (710 hectares) and a southerly expansion of Georgetown in Halton Hills (410 hectares), for residential, commercial and institutional uses, to provide a market-based supply of ground-related housing as directed by the Province, and accommodate important community uses (i.e. hospitals, parks);
a major shift in the future employment mix of the Region towards mixed use office employment, directed to strategic growth areas, between 2031 and 2051;
a measured urban boundary expansion of 1,070 hectares of new employment land located primarily along the Highway 401 and 407 corridors in Milton (670 hectares) and Halton Hills (400 hectares), to accommodate market demand for advanced manufacturing, logistics/warehousing, and supportive uses, which require access to 400-series highways.
That is what was going to the Regional Council meeting on February16th. When it got there it was met with a motion from Mayors Burton of Oakville and Meed Ward of Burlington that took a radically different approach.
The Motion that was approved on a 15-9 vote reads as follows:
WHEREAS the Region of Halton is in the process of updating the Regional Official Plan to conform with the 2019 Growth Plan, as amended, in accordance with the Places to Grow Act, 2005, and to plan to accommodate a total population of 1.1 million and total jobs of 500,000 to 2051; and
WHEREAS the Region is committed to meeting the Provincial conformity deadline of July 1, 2022; and
 Burlington Marianne Meed Ward teamed up with Oakville Mayor Rob Burton to present a motion to flip the Staff Preferred Growth Plan WHEREAS by letter dated November 12, 2019, the Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing clarified that municipalities may choose to take a phased approach to their municipal comprehensive review through multiple official plan amendments; and
WHEREAS the Region is completing its municipal comprehensive review using a phased approach, including updating the Regional Urban Structure, considering a Draft Preferred Growth Concept arising from the Integrated Growth Management Strategy that has explored issues and opportunities related to growth management, and considering a Policy Directions Report to guide the development of updated official plan policies; and
WHEREAS the market for housing and employment is constantly evolving due to the COVID-19 pandemic, shifts in demographics, work from home opportunities, housing affordability, and other factors that are anticipated to significantly change the way people live, work and play in Halton; and
WHEREAS on February 8, 2022, Ontario published a report from the Housing Affordability Task Force that may have significant implications on the supply of market housing to address the housing crisis and which implications are unclear;
WHEREAS the Draft Land Needs Assessment provided in support of the Draft Preferred Growth Concept indicates that the majority of pre-2041 population and employment growth can be accommodated without expansions to the existing approved urban boundary; and
WHEREAS it would be prudent for the Region consider all relevant information that is available to it during its municipal comprehensive review exercise to make a determination on land requirements and other fundamental planning decisions that will dictate growth in Halton to 2051;
 Oakville Mayor Rob Burton put forward the motion that might be seen as historical in the future. NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED:
THAT Halton Regional Council directs Staff to prepare a Regional Official Plan Amendment (ROPA 49) that advances a modified Preferred Growth Concept in two phases to accommodate growth pre-2041 and from 2041 to 2051:
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- For accommodating growth pre-2041, directing population and employment growth to the existing approved urban boundary;
- For accommodating growth from 2041 to 2051, providing a clear framework for when, and how planned growth should be distributed based on principles of minimizing land consumption, making the most efficient use of land and infrastructure, and achieving other principles of the Growth Plan;
AND FURTHER THAT Staff be directed to schedule a Statutory Public Meeting and Open House to obtain comments on an updated draft ROPA 49 no later than April 30, 2022;
AND FURTHER THAT Staff be directed to prepare its recommendation report and bring it forward to Regional Council such that ROPA 49 could be adopted and forwarded to the Province for approval to meet the July 1, 2022 conformity deadline, subject to being directed by the Minister to meet an alternative date, as requested the Region and other municipalities;
AND FURTHER THAT this resolution be circulated to the City of Burlington, Town of Halton Hills, Town of Milton and Town of Oakville.
Historically what will it mean? Only time will tell – what we did hear were delegations from 58 people who kept reminding the Councillors that they had all voted that there was a Climate Emergency and food sustainability was a real issue – protecting some of the best farm land in the province was vital.
There were some strong words from Milton and Halton Hills Councillors who believed their ability to meet the the provincially mandated population growth was no longer possible without building on farm land.
They argued that it was up to each municipality to decide what is best for their community and that older more mature municipalities had no right to bully smaller municipalities.
There will be a Statutory meeting on the issue sometime in April – the fight would appear to be over – but there are issues to deal with.
The Region is required to present their Growth Plan to the province on July 1st – the document from Halton will read – Modified Growth Plan – which they hope will be accepted.
By Staff
February 17th, 2022
BURLINGTON, ON
The Ontario government has procured AECOM as the successful engineering consultant to undertake a Preliminary Design and Class Environmental Assessment (EA) Update Study for the widening of Highway 6 South in the City of Hamilton. The project will increase lane capacity from two lanes to four over a nine kilometre segment between Highway 403 and Upper James Street, as part of the government’s plan to build Ontario.
 Study area for a Hwy 6 expansion from two to four lanes. Highway 6 from Highway 403 to Upper James Street is the primary connection from John Munro Hamilton International Airport to the Greater Golden Horseshoe via Highway 403.
“The widening of Highway 6 from two lanes to four is vital to the continued growth of the John Munro Hamilton International Airport and the surrounding areas,” said Donna Skelly, MPP Flamborough-Glanbrook. “This is an important step forward in our work to ensure the safe, efficient movement of people and goods here in Hamilton and across the region.”
 Better access to the Hamilton Airport The Preliminary Design and EA Update Study will include outreach to Indigenous communities, municipalities, and stakeholders including the airport and business owners, and will commence in spring 2022, with a targeted completion of spring 2024.
Quick Facts
The province has allocated more than $21 billion in funding over the next 10 years, including approximately $2.6 billion in 2021–22, to expand and repair highways and bridges.
A four-lane highway link to the Hamilton airport was originally designed and received environment assessment approval in the late 1980s. The existing two-lane road was built in 2003.
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